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微生态调控技术对西府海棠促生与防病效果的研究

Study on the effect of microecological regulation technology on growth promotion and disease prevention of Malus × micromalus Makino

  • 摘要: 针对颐和园西府海棠枝干病害频发、不易防治的难题,通过林间实验,验证了微生态调控对西府海棠促生、防病方面的作用。通过2013—2015年对20 a树龄的西府海棠连续3 a施用微生态制剂,结果表明枝干腐烂病的防治效果达到53.11%~60.05%,枝条增粗11.80%~21.01% ,叶绿素增加32.70%~37.04%,叶片质量增加19.02%~27.59%,落叶、黄叶数量减少10%左右。在2013年的基础上,2014 年开始连续10 a对颐和园长廊沿线 30 a树龄的西府海棠应用微生态调控技术,并分别设置对照,对西府海棠的生长量和病害发生情况进行了当年、第2年和第10年调查。结果表明,连续2 a施用微生态制剂后,海棠枝干腐烂病的防病率达到59.22%,轮纹病防病效果达到26.37%,叶绿素增加25.49%,叶片质量增加21.34%;连续10 a施用微生态制剂后,海棠枝干腐烂病的防病效果达到68.50%,轮纹病防病效果达到53.53%,叶绿素增加39.50%,叶片质量增加26.71%。微生态调控技术促生和防病效果较显著,可有效提升树势,延长持叶期。

     

    Abstract: Aiming at the frequent occurrence and difficult prevention of crabapple branch diseases in the Summer Palace, the effects of micro-ecological regulation on growth promotion and disease resistance of Malus × micromalus Makino were clarified through forest experiments. The results showed that from 2013 to 2015, the control effect of Cytospora canker was maintained at 53.11%−60.05% on 20-year-old trees. The branches thickened by 11.80%−21.01%, the chlorophyll content increased by 32.70%−37.04%, the leaf weight increased by 19.02%−27.59%, and the deciduous and yellow leaves decreased by more than 10%. From 2014 to 2023, we began to apply micro-ecological regulation technology to the 30-year-old Malus × micromalus Makino along the corridor of the Summer Palace, and set up control groups. The growth and disease occurrence were investigated in the current year, the second year and the tenth year. The results showed that after two years of continuous application of micro-ecological agents, the disease prevention effect of Cytospora canker reached 59.22%, the disease prevention effect of Botryosphaeria canker was 26.37%, the chlorophyll content increased by 25.49%, and the leaf weight increased by 21.34%. After 10 years of continuous application of micro-ecological agents, the disease prevention effect of Cytospora canker reached 68.50%, the disease prevention effect of Botryosphaeria canker reached 53.53%, the chlorophyll content increased by 39.50%, and the leaf weight increased by 26.71%. The micro-ecological regulation technology has a significant effect on promoting growth and disease prevention, which can effectively improve the tree vigor and prolong the leaf holding period.

     

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