Abstract: The ancient Chinese Scholartree （Sophora japonica L.）, also known as the "Phoenix Scholartree", located in the Palace Garden of Houhai in Xicheng District, Beijing, is over 300 years old. In recent years, it has exhibited severe decline symptoms. Through historical management analysis and field investigations, the ongoing decline of the "Phoenix Scholartree" is presumed to be caused by severe soil hardening and water accumulation in the tree hole due to extensive using of lake water for grass irrigation and damages of original materials used to seal the tree hole, respectively. Therefore, we conducted several intervention methods to rescue and rehabilitate "Phoenix Scholartree", such as soil improvement, tree hole repair, pest and disease control, support materials replacement, foliar fertilization and so on. After one year of management, the decline situation of "Phoenix Scholartree" was effective halted, and the previously affected trunk and branches showed healthy growth with a notable reduced decay and fungal issues. Overall, the rescue and treatment of "Phoenix Scholartree" achieved the desired outcomes, which provides valuable insights for the restoration and preservation of other ancient trees.