Abstract: Tree medicine represents a new stage in the development of forest protection, building upon and expanding the field’s traditional concepts. This discipline draws inspiration from human and veterinary medicine while integrating multidisciplinary knowledge to establish a comprehensive theoretical and technical framework. Tree medicine focuses on maintaining tree health through research on the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of tree health issues. It aims to scientifically and effectively prevent and manage tree diseases, optimize the multifunctional use of trees throughout the life cycle, and enhance the ecological, economic, and social value of forests. This approach aligns with the rapid expansion of national land greening initiatives in the current era.